Yoel 2:12-14
Konteks2:12 “Yet even now,” the Lord says,
“return to me with all your heart –
with fasting, weeping, and mourning.
Tear your hearts, 1
not just your garments!”
2:13 Return to the Lord your God,
for he is merciful and compassionate,
slow to anger and boundless in loyal love 2 – often relenting from calamitous punishment. 3
2:14 Who knows?
Perhaps he will be compassionate and grant a reprieve, 4
and leave blessing in his wake 5 –
a meal offering and a drink offering for you to offer to the Lord your God! 6
Yoel 2:19-29
Konteks2:19 The Lord responded 7 to his people,
“Look! I am about to restore your grain 8
as well as fresh wine and olive oil.
You will be fully satisfied. 9
I will never again make you an object of mockery among the nations.
2:20 I will remove the one from the north 10 far from you.
I will drive him out to a dry and desolate place.
Those in front will be driven eastward into the Dead Sea, 11
and those in back westward into the Mediterranean Sea. 12
His stench will rise up as a foul smell.” 13
Indeed, the Lord 14 has accomplished great things.
2:21 Do not fear, my land!
Rejoice and be glad,
because the Lord has accomplished great things!
2:22 Do not fear, wild animals! 15
For the pastures of the wilderness are again green with grass.
Indeed, the trees bear their fruit;
the fig tree and the vine yield to their fullest. 16
2:23 Citizens of Zion, 17 rejoice!
Be glad because of what the Lord your God has done! 18
For he has given to you the early rains 19 as vindication.
He has sent 20 to you the rains –
both the early and the late rains 21 as formerly.
2:24 The threshing floors are full of grain;
the vats overflow with fresh wine and olive oil.
2:25 I will make up for the years 22
that the ‘arbeh-locust 23 consumed your crops 24 –
the yeleq-locust, the hasil-locust, and the gazam-locust –
my great army 25 that I sent against you.
2:26 You will have plenty to eat,
and your hunger will be fully satisfied; 26
you will praise the name of the Lord your God,
who has acted wondrously in your behalf.
My people will never again be put to shame.
2:27 You will be convinced that I am in the midst of Israel.
I am the Lord your God; there is no other.
My people will never again be put to shame.
2:28 (3:1) 27 After all of this 28
I will pour out my Spirit 29 on all kinds of people. 30
Your sons and daughters will prophesy.
Your elderly will have revelatory dreams; 31
your young men will see prophetic visions.
2:29 Even on male and female servants
I will pour out my Spirit in those days.
[2:12] 1 sn The figurative language calls for genuine repentance, and not merely external ritual that goes through the motions.
[2:13] 2 tn Heb “and great of loyal love.”
[2:13] 3 tn Heb “and he relents from calamity.”
[2:14] 4 tn Heb “turn” or “turn back.”
[2:14] 5 tn Heb “leave a blessing behind him.”
[2:14] 6 tn The phrase “for you to offer” does not appear in the Hebrew, but is supplied in the translation for the sake of clarity.
[2:19] 7 tn Heb “answered and said.”
[2:19] 8 tn Heb “Look! I am sending grain to you.” The participle used in the Hebrew text seems to suggest imminent action.
[2:19] 9 tc One of the Qumran manuscripts (4QXXIIc) inserts “and you will eat” before “and you will be fully satisfied” (the reading of the MT, LXX).
[2:20] 10 sn The allusion to the one from the north is best understood as having locusts in view. It is not correct to say that this reference to the enemy who came form the north excludes the possibility of a reference to locusts and must be understood as human armies. Although locust plagues usually approached Palestine from the east or southeast, the severe plague of 1915, for example, came from the northeast.
[2:20] 11 tn Heb “his face to the eastern sea.” In this context the eastern sea is probably the Dead Sea.
[2:20] 12 tn Heb “and his rear to the western sea.” The western sea refers to the Mediterranean Sea.
[2:20] 13 sn Heb “and his foul smell will ascend.” The foul smell probably refers to the unpleasant odor of decayed masses of dead locusts. The Hebrew word for “foul smell” is found only here in the Old Testament. The Hebrew word for “stench” appears only here and in Isa 34:3 and Amos 4:10. In the latter references it refers to the stench of dead corpses on a field of battle.
[2:20] 14 tn The Hebrew text does not have “the
[2:22] 15 tn Heb “beasts of the field.”
[2:22] 16 tn Heb “their strength.” The trees and vines will produce a maximum harvest, in contrast to the failed agricultural conditions previously described.
[2:23] 17 tn Heb “sons of Zion.”
[2:23] 18 tn Heb “be glad in the
[2:23] 19 tn Normally the Hebrew word הַמּוֹרֶה (hammoreh) means “the teacher,” but here and in Ps 84:7 it refers to “early rains.” Elsewhere the word for “early rains” is יוֹרֶה (yoreh). The phrase here הַמּוֹרֶה לִצְדָקָה (hammoreh litsdaqah) is similar to the expression “teacher of righteousness” (Heb., מוֹרֶה הַצֶּדֶק , moreh hatsedeq) found in the Dead Sea Scrolls referring to a particular charismatic leader, although the Qumran community seems not to have invoked this text in support of that notion.
[2:23] 20 tn Heb “caused to come down.”
[2:23] 21 sn For half the year Palestine is generally dry. The rainy season begins with the early rains usually in late October to early December, followed by the latter rains in March and April. Without these rains productive farming would not be possible, as Joel’s original readers knew only too well.
[2:25] 22 tn Heb “I will restore to you the years.”
[2:25] sn The plural years suggests that the plague to which Joel refers was not limited to a single season. Apparently the locusts were a major problem over several successive years. One season of drought and locust invasion would have been bad enough. Several such years would have been devastating.
[2:25] 23 sn The same four terms for locust are used here as in 1:4, but in a different order. This fact creates some difficulty for the notion that the four words refer to four distinct stages of locust development.
[2:25] 24 tn The term “your crops” does not appear in the Hebrew, but has been supplied in the translation for the sake of clarity and smoothness.
[2:25] 25 sn Here Joel employs military language to describe the locusts. In the prophet’s thinking this invasion was far from being a freak accident. Rather, the Lord is pictured here as a divine warrior who leads his army into the land as a punishment for past sin and as a means of bringing about spiritual renewal on the part of the people.
[2:26] 26 tn Heb “you will surely eat and be satisfied.”
[2:28] 27 sn Beginning with 2:28, the verse numbers through 3:21 in the English Bible differ from the verse numbers in the Hebrew text (BHS), with 2:28 ET = 3:1 HT, 2:29 ET = 3:2 HT, 2:30 ET = 3:3 HT, 2:31 ET = 3:4 HT, 2:32 ET = 3:5 HT, 3:1 ET = 4:1 HT, etc., through 3:21 ET = 4:21 HT. Thus Joel in the Hebrew Bible has 4 chapters, the 5 verses of ch. 3 being included at the end of ch. 2 in the English Bible.
[2:28] 28 tn Heb “Now it will be after this.”
[2:28] 29 sn This passage plays a key role in the apostolic explanation of the coming of the Spirit on the day of Pentecost recorded in Acts 2:17-21. Peter introduces his quotation of this passage with “this is that spoken by the prophet Joel” (Acts 2:16; cf. the similar pesher formula used at Qumran). The New Testament experience at Pentecost is thus seen in some sense as a fulfillment of this Old Testament passage, even though that experience did not exhaustively fulfill Joel’s words. Some portions of Joel’s prophecy have no precise counterpart in that experience. For example, there is nothing in the experience recorded in Acts 2 that exactly corresponds to the earthly and heavenly signs described in Joel 3:3-4. But inasmuch as the messianic age had already begun and the “last days” had already commenced with the coming of the Messiah (cf. Heb 1:1-2), Peter was able to point to Joel 3:1-5 as a text that was relevant to the advent of Jesus and the bestowal of the Spirit. The equative language that Peter employs (“this is that”) stresses an incipient fulfillment of the Joel passage without precluding or minimizing a yet future and more exhaustive fulfillment in events associated with the return of Christ.
[2:28] 30 tn Heb “all flesh.” As a term for humanity, “flesh” suggests the weakness and fragility of human beings as opposed to God who is “spirit.” The word “all” refers not to all human beings without exception (cf. NAB, NASB “all mankind”; NLT “all people”), but to all classes of human beings without distinction (cf. NCV).
